在树莓派的启动过程中好几次碰到这样的情况….而且前一次关机都是正常关机并断电…
在2013-02-09的旧版raspbian上和apt-get upgrade后的raspbian上都出现过，但是一直没找出触发故障的条件，百思不得其解。
我们来看看屏幕上显示的log。
PANIC: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(179,2)Entering kdb (current=0xcd828ca0, pid 1) due to Keyboard Entry
kdb> _
上面写的很清楚，panic是由于无法挂载rootfs造成的，但我对linux的了解程度还仅限于十几个常用的命令，也实在想不通导致故障的原因是什么
百度了一下，发现这个问题似乎还不是个案，不过还是没有找到没有一个靠谱的解决方法。国内论坛上有人说这是红版RPi的问题，不过经过搜索发现似乎不是，因为国外论坛上也有不少关于这个故障的讨论。
经过百度和Google，找到了这么几个有可能触发故障的条件：
1.正常关机后将SD卡卸下再插入（Arch Linux，Samsung SDHC 16GB Class10 /Kingmax SDHC 16GB Class10/Kingmax SDHC 8GB Class6）
2.意外掉电
3.USB接口上接有大功率的外设,比如USB移动硬盘
4……..
大概找到了这么几个解决方法：
1.更新raspbian到2013-02-09或更新的版本。
2.使用 fsck -f /dev/sdb2 修复分区
3.不要超频
Update1: There is probably an influence of the overclock on the apperience【？】 of the file system corruption. Because I have seen the poblems always after higher load as for example update and upgrade.
文件系统故障有可能是受到超频的影响，这类问题经常在高负载（比如update和upgrade）后发生。
Update2: Yes, when it is not overclock then they are no problems. Perhaps with another SD card it can work overclock also.
当没有超频的时候问题不存在。或许另一张SD卡可以支持超频？
Update3: After some investigations and tests I found out that the original box I have used for Pi has venting holes only from down and therefore the I-O driver can over heat and it caused problems with ethernet, usb and SD card. Since I run it open I could make even the medium overclock without problem.
经过一些调查和测试我发现RPi使用的原装保护壳只有底部有散热孔，因此IO驱动器【？】可能会过热导致以太网、USB和SD卡出现故障。当RPi裸奔运行时我可以设置为中度超频而不出现故障。
Update4: Raspberry failed It is sent for exchange to supplier see more info here.
Update5: The Raspberry was exchange by the supplier. New piece looks OK. Let’s hope.
Update6: The new piece has about 12 days of 7/24 running without any problem. It is even all the time overclocked (medium). I suppose if someone has still problem with stability then he should ask for exchange under the quarantine. Just I run it now out of the purchased original plastic case without any additional cooling with the SD card and power supply as the first one. I have not used any tweeks to the original Raspbian system.
新的RPi已经连续运行了12天没有出现任何问题，它甚至一直运行在中度超频状态下。
4.进行固件（firmware）升级。
sudo apt-get update (更新apt索引)
sudo apt-get install ntpdate (安装ntpdate)
sudo ntpdate -u ntp.ubuntu.com (校正系统时间)
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates (安装CA证书)
sudo apt-get install git-core (安装git)
sudo wget http://goo.gl/1BOfJ -O /usr/bin/rpi-update && sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/rpi-update 安装 rpi-update组件)
sudo rpi-update (运行固件更新)
reboot your Raspberry Pi 重启
Source:
https://github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-updateTroubleshooting:
If your download of the update seems to stall (like mine did) do the following:
1. sudo rm -rf /root/.rpi-firmware
2. sudo rpi-update
我的红版RPi在更新了新的固件（系统仍是02-09的版本）之后就没出现过这个问题，但是以后会不会再出现…..谁也不知道……
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